Plus-que-parfait
The helper verb (the auxiliary) goes into the imparfait, and the past form (the participle) follows the same avoir / être choice and the same agreement as the passé composé. It is an action before another past action.
Examples
- Elle était déjà partie.She had already left.
- J'avais mangé.I had eaten.
How it works
One step further back than the passé composé (the everyday past). Something had already happened before another past moment.
The form
Agreement
Before another past
Not for a single event
Common mistakes
What you'll practise
1. avais or étais + participle
The helper verb (the auxiliary) is in the imparfait. The past form (the participle) is the same one as in the passé composé.
- Nous avions vu le film.We had seen the film.
2. être, and agreement
être when the passé composé would use être. Agreement matches Accord du participe, including a preceding direct object (the noun the verb acts on).
- Elle s'était lavé les mains.She had washed her hands.
3. Before another past
An action that was already finished before another past action. Quand je suis arrivé, elle était déjà partie.
- Quand je suis arrivé, elle était déjà partie.When I arrived, she had already left.
Practise it until it sticks
Short drills built on these 3 skills, with instant feedback on every answer. Free to start.