Reflexive verbs · se +
Subject acts on itself: se laver, se lever, s'appeler. Reflexive pronoun (me/te/se/nous/vous/se) goes BEFORE the verb. m'/t'/s' before vowel.
Examples
- Je m'appelle Marie.My name is Marie.
- Tu te lèves tôt.You get up early.
How it works
A reflexive verb is one where the subject acts on itself. In French it always carries a pronoun matching the subject, and its infinitive (dictionary form) starts with se- or s':
Reflexive pronouns
The pronoun goes BEFORE the verb:
Before a vowel or mute h, me/te/se shrink to m'/t'/s':
S'appeler
to be called (giving your name) The l doubles when the ending is silent, and stays single when you hear the ending (-ons, -ez):
Se lever
the model for daily routine Same idea with an accent: e becomes è when the ending is silent, and stays e before -ons / -ez:
Everyday reflexives
In the passé composé (the everyday past) reflexive verbs take être (the helper verb). The past form (the participle: levé) agrees with the subject only when the reflexive pronoun is the direct object (the noun the verb acts on):
It stays unchanged when a noun after the verb is the direct object, or when the pronoun means "to each other":
The full rule is practised in Accord du participe.
In an affirmative command the pronoun moves after the verb with a hyphen, and te becomes toi:
In a negative command it goes back in front:
What you'll practise
1. Reflexive pronoun matches subject
je → me, tu → te, il/elle/on → se, nous → nous, vous → vous, ils/elles → se. Pronoun goes BEFORE the verb.
- Je me lave.I wash myself.
- Nous nous reposons.We rest.
2. m' / t' / s' before vowel
me/te/se elide to m'/t'/s' before a vowel or mute h.
- Je m'appelle Paul.My name is Paul.
- Il s'habille.He gets dressed.
3. s'appeler (introducing yourself)
Most common reflexive in everyday use. Note: double l in m'appelle, t'appelles, s'appelle, s'appellent.
- Comment tu t'appelles ?What's your name?
- Je m'appelle Marie.My name is Marie.
4. Daily routine reflexives
se lever (get up), se laver (wash), se coucher (go to bed), se brosser (brush), se reposer (rest).
- Je me lève à sept heures.I get up at 7.
- Elle se couche tard.She goes to bed late.
Practise it until it sticks
Short drills built on these 4 skills, with instant feedback on every answer. Free to start.