Two-way prepositions · wohin vs wo
Nine prepositions take either case. Movement INTO a place (wohin? "where to") takes the accusative; being IN it (wo? "where") takes the dative (the form for "to / for whom", and after mit, zu, bei …).
Examples
- Ich gehe in die Küche.I'm going into the kitchen.
- Ich bin in der Küche.I'm in the kitchen.
- Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.The book is on the table.
After this pattern you can
- say where you're going vs where you are
- say where you put something vs where it is
- use the everyday contractions ins, im, ans, am
Start with a conversation
Where are you?
I'm in the kitchen.
And where are you going now?
I'm going into town.
Put the book on the table, please.
It's already lying on the table.
Same preposition twice over
in der Küche vs in die Stadt, auf den Tisch vs auf dem Tisch. The case is what says whether you're moving or staying.
The nine
The rule
He puts the book on the table. (accusative)
The book is lying on the table. (dative)
VERB PAIRS mirror the split — the accusative one is the action, the dative one the resulting state:
CONTRACTIONS you'll see constantly:
Phrases you can use today
I'm going into town.
We're going to the cinema.
It's on the table.
Typical mistakes
With der it means "I walk around inside the school".
Putting it there is movement.
Watch out for the frozen phrases: zu Hause ("at home") and nach Hause ("home") use neither in nor an article, so none of this reaches them. They have a pattern of their own — learn them whole.
What you'll practise
1. wohin? (where to) · accusative
Movement into or onto a place takes the accusative (the form for the person or thing the action is done to): Ich gehe in die Küche.
- Er legt das Buch auf den Tisch.He puts the book on the table.
- Wir fahren an den See.We're driving to the lake.
2. wo? (where) · dative
Position with no change of place takes the dative (the form for "to / for whom", and after mit, zu, bei …): Ich bin in der Küche.
- Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.The book is lying on the table.
- Wir sind am See.We're at the lake.
3. Contractions · ins / im / ans / am
in+das→ins, in+dem→im, an+das→ans, an+dem→am. The contraction still shows the case.
- Ich gehe ins Kino.I'm going to the cinema.
- Ich bin im Kino.I'm at the cinema.
Practise it until it sticks
Short drills built on these 3 skills, with instant feedback on every answer. Free to start.