Perfekt · the spoken past
Talk about the past the way Germans actually do in speech: haben or sein in slot 2, and the Partizip II (the participle, like English "eaten") at the end.
Examples
- Ich habe einen Film gesehen.I watched a film.
- Wir sind nach Berlin gefahren.We went to Berlin.
- Sie hat in Wien studiert.She studied in Vienna.
After this pattern you can
- say what you did yesterday / at the weekend
- say where you went
- ask someone what they did
- handle almost all past-tense conversation
Start with a conversation
What did you do at the weekend?
I played football.
And on Sunday?
I went to Berlin.
Did you see the museum?
Yes, and I took lots of photos.
gespielt and gesehen took haben; gefahren took sein. Both send the participle (the ge- form, like gegessen) to the end — another sentence bracket, just like the modals.
Building the Partizip II
HABEN OR SEIN? Most verbs take haben. Use sein for:
gehen, fahren, fliegen, kommen, laufen
aufstehen, einschlafen, aufwachen, sterben
Phrases you can use today
What did you do?
I did / saw / ate …
I went …
Where have you been?
Typical mistakes
gehen is movement, so it takes sein.
The participle goes last.
-ieren verbs take no ge-.
What you'll practise
1. Perfekt with haben
The default helper, and always the one when the verb has a direct object (the person or thing the action is done to): Ich habe einen Film gesehen.
- Ich habe Kaffee getrunken.I drank coffee.
- Er hat einen Brief geschrieben.He wrote a letter.
2. Perfekt with sein
Movement from A to B or a change of state, plus sein / bleiben / werden: Ich bin nach Hause gegangen.
- Ich bin nach Hause gegangen.I went home.
- Sie ist früh aufgestanden.She got up early.
3. Building the Partizip II
ge-…-t for weak verbs, ge-…-en for strong ones; separable verbs put ge- inside; be-/ver-/-ieren take no ge-.
- Wir haben eingekauft.We did the shopping.
- Ich habe meine Eltern besucht.I visited my parents.
Practise it until it sticks
Short drills built on these 3 skills, with instant feedback on every answer. Free to start.