Dative case
Say who you give, say or show something TO — and handle the fixed list of verbs and prepositions that simply demand this case.
Examples
- Ich gebe dem Kind ein Buch.I give the child a book.
- Ich helfe der Frau.I help the woman.
- Wir fahren mit dem Bus.We're going by bus.
After this pattern you can
- say who you give or show something to
- say you're helping / thanking someone
- say how you travel and who you're with
- use the everyday dative (the form for "to / for whom", and after mit, zu, bei …) prepositions
Start with a conversation
What are you giving your mother?
I'm giving her a book.
Are you going by car?
No, I'm going by bus.
Can you help me?
Sure, happy to help.
deiner Mutter and ihr are the receiver. mit always takes this case (mit dem Bus). And helfen just demands it, even though English feels like "help me" is a direct object (the person or thing the action is done to).
The articles
subject → object → dative
Note the plural adds -n to the NOUN as well — unless the plural already ends in -n or -s: den Frauen, den Autos.
Pronouns
Three places it shows up
1. The receiver. Two nouns → dative first:
2. Dative verbs — they take it even though English
feels like a direct object:
3. Dative prepositions — always, no exceptions:
I have lived here for two years.
Phrases you can use today
Can you help me?
I go by bus / train.
I'm going to the doctor.
Typical mistakes
helfen is a dative verb.
The dative plural adds -n to the noun too.
What you'll practise
1. Dative articles
dem (m) / der (f) / dem (n) / den (pl), and the plural noun adds -n: den Kindern.
- Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch.I give the man the book.
- Sie hilft den Kindern.She helps the children.
2. Dative pronouns
mir (to me), dir, ihm (to him), ihr (to her), uns, euch, ihnen (to them).
- Das gehört mir.That belongs to me.
- Der Film gefällt ihr.She likes the film.
3. Dative prepositions
aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu always take the dative (the form for "to / for whom", and after mit, zu, bei …): mit dem Bus, bei der Arbeit.
- Ich fahre mit dem Zug.I'm travelling by train.
- Wir gehen zum Arzt.We're going to the doctor.
4. seit + present tense
For something that started in the past and is still going on, German uses seit + the present tense: Ich wohne seit zwei Jahren hier (I have lived here for two years).
- Ich lerne seit einem Jahr Deutsch.I've been learning German for a year.
- Sie arbeitet seit Montag hier.She has been working here since Monday.
Practise it until it sticks
Short drills built on these 4 skills, with instant feedback on every answer. Free to start.