Präsens & word order (V2)
Talk about what you do, where you live and what you're doing right now — and learn the one rule that decides German word order: the verb is always the second element.
Examples
- Ich trinke Kaffee.I drink coffee.
- Du sprichst gut Deutsch.You speak German well.
- Morgen fahre ich nach Berlin.Tomorrow I'm going to Berlin.
After this pattern you can
- say what you do and where you live
- talk about habits and daily routine
- start a sentence with a time or place
- ask someone what they do
Start with a conversation
What do you do?
I work in Berlin.
When do you go home?
This evening I'm going home.
Three things are happening there: the endings on mache / machst, the vowel change in fährst, and — in the last line — the subject jumping behind the verb because "heute Abend" took the first slot.
REGULAR ENDINGS, on the infinitive (the dictionary form, like gehen) stem machen ("to do") gives the stem mach-:
Stems ending in -t or -d add an -e- before -st and -t, so you can hear the ending:
Stems ending in -s, -ß or -z add only -t for du:
Stem-vowel change
Some common verbs shift their vowel, but only for du and er/sie/es:
Everything else keeps the plain stem: wir fahren, ihr fahrt.
VERB SECOND (V2) The conjugated (changed to match the subject) verb sits in slot 2, whatever occupies slot 1:
I'm going to the cinema today.
Today I'm going to the cinema.
To the cinema I'm going today.
Slot 1 holds exactly ONE element, and if it isn't the subject, the subject moves in behind the verb.
Man
"people" or "you" in general man talks about people in general, like English "you" or "one". It takes the er / sie / es form:
In Germany people eat a lot of bread.
Phrases you can use today
Today … / At the weekend …
Typical mistakes
Only one element before the verb.
German has no continuous form — "Ich arbeite" is both "I work" and "I am working".
Don't forget the vowel change.
What you'll practise
1. Präsens · regular endings
-e / -st / -t / -en / -t / -en on the infinitive (the dictionary form, like gehen) stem: machen → ich mache, du machst, er macht.
- Wir wohnen in Berlin.We live in Berlin.
- Ihr lernt Deutsch.You (pl.) are learning German.
2. Präsens · stem-vowel change
Strong verbs shift a→ä, e→i/ie, but only for du and er/sie/es: fahren → du fährst, er fährt.
- Er liest ein Buch.He is reading a book.
- Du fährst zu schnell.You drive too fast.
3. Verb second · inversion
If anything but the subject opens the sentence, the subject moves behind the verb: Heute gehe ich…
- Heute arbeite ich zu Hause.Today I'm working at home.
- Am Montag beginnt der Kurs.The course starts on Monday.
4. man · people in general
man means "people / you" in general and takes the er / sie / es form of the verb: Man spricht hier Deutsch.
- Hier spricht man Deutsch.German is spoken here.
- Wie sagt man das auf Deutsch?How do you say that in German?
Practise it until it sticks
Short drills built on these 4 skills, with instant feedback on every answer. Free to start.