Negation · nicht vs kein
German has two words for "not". Which one you need depends on what you are negating — a noun, or anything else.
Examples
- Ich habe keine Zeit.I don't have time.
- Das ist nicht mein Buch.That's not my book.
- Er arbeitet heute nicht.He isn't working today.
After this pattern you can
- say you don't have something
- say something isn't the case
- turn down an offer politely
- put nicht in the right place
Start with a conversation
Do you have time?
No, I have no time.
Do you know that man over there?
No, I don't know him.
Is that your car?
No, that's not my car.
Zeit got kein; the verb kennen and the possessive mein Auto got nicht. That split is the whole pattern.
Kein
for a noun with ein/eine, or no article at all. It declines exactly like ein:
Nicht
for everything else: verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns that already carry der/die/das or a possessive.
I don't know the man.
That's not my car.
The coffee isn't hot.
WHERE nicht GOES
Ich arbeite heute nicht. I'm not working today.
Ich fahre nicht nach Berlin. I'm not going to Berlin (somewhere else).
Phrases you can use today
I have no time / no money.
I can't today.
Typical mistakes
Zeit is a bare noun, so it takes kein.
A noun with a definite article takes nicht.
nicht never comes between subject and verb.
What you'll practise
1. kein · negating a noun
Use kein/keine/keinen when the noun has ein or no article: ein Auto → kein Auto, Zeit → keine Zeit.
- Ich habe kein Geld.I have no money.
- Er hat keinen Hund.He doesn't have a dog.
2. nicht · negating everything else
Verbs, adjectives, and nouns with der/die/das or a possessive take nicht: Das ist nicht mein Auto.
- Das ist nicht richtig.That isn't right.
- Ich kenne die Frau nicht.I don't know the woman.
3. Where nicht goes
End of the clause to negate the whole statement; directly before the one part you are singling out.
- Ich komme heute nicht.I'm not coming today.
- Wir fahren nicht nach Wien.We're not going to Vienna.
Practise it until it sticks
Short drills built on these 3 skills, with instant feedback on every answer. Free to start.