被动语态（be + 过去分词）
关注“什么被做了”，而不是“谁做的”：English is spoken here. It was built in 1990.
例句
- English is spoken all over the world.全世界都在使用英语。
- My bike was stolen yesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。
- This problem can be solved easily.这个问题很容易就能解决。
讲解
学会以后，你能
- 说东西在哪里生产、什么时候建成、被谁写的
- 读懂新闻和说明文里大量的被动句
- 说“能被……”“必须被……”
构成
be + 过去分词
时态全靠 be 来表现，过去分词不变。
一般现在时：am / is / are + 过去分词
English is spoken all over the world.
全世界都在使用英语。
一般过去时：was / were + 过去分词
This bridge was built in 1990.
这座桥是 1990 年建成的。
什么时候用
动作的对象更重要
不知道、不重要或者大家都知道是谁做的，就用被动，不提做事的人。
My bike was stolen yesterday.
我的自行车昨天被偷了。（不知道是谁偷的）
by + 做事的人
需要时才加
This book was written by a young teacher.
这本书是一位年轻的老师写的。
注意：中文的“是……的”“被……”都常常对应英语的被动。
否定和疑问
只动 be
I wasn't invited to the party.
我没有被邀请参加聚会。
Where were these photos taken?
这些照片是在哪里拍的？
情态动词 + be + 过去分词
This problem can be solved easily.
这个问题很容易就能解决。
Phones must be turned off during the exam.
考试期间手机必须关机。
常见错误
The accident was happened at night.The accident happened at night.
happen、arrive、die 这类不及物动词没有被动语态。
The bridge was build in 1990.The bridge was built in 1990.
be 后面要用过去分词，不能用动词原形。
English speaks in many countries.English is spoken in many countries.
中文“英语在很多国家说”不用“被”字，但英语里东西作主语时必须用被动。
This problem can solved easily.This problem can be solved easily.
情态动词后面的 be 不能省。
练习要点
1. 一般现在时被动
am / is / are + 过去分词：经常、一般被做的事。
- This room is cleaned every day.这个房间每天都会被打扫。
- English is spoken all over the world.全世界都在使用英语。
2. 一般过去时被动
was / were + 过去分词：过去被做的事。
- This bridge was built in 1990.这座桥是 1990 年建成的。
- My bike was stolen yesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。
3. by + 做事的人；否定与疑问
需要说明是谁做的才加 by；否定在 be 后加 not，疑问把 be 提前。
- This book was written by a young teacher.这本书是一位年轻的老师写的。
- Where were these photos taken?这些照片是在哪里拍的？
4. 情态动词的被动
can / must / should + be + 过去分词。
- This problem can be solved easily.这个问题很容易就能解决。
- Phones must be turned off during the exam.考试期间手机必须关机。
练到脱口而出
围绕这 4 个要点的小练习，每答一题立刻批改。免费开始。