可数 / 不可数名词(many / much / some / any)
many 跟可数名词复数,much 跟不可数名词;some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句和疑问句。
例句
- How many books?多少本书?
- How much water?多少水?
- I don't have any time.我一点时间都没有。
讲解
学完这一课,你能
- 分清可数名词和不可数名词
- 选对 many 还是 much
- 选对 some 还是 any
- 用 a few、a little 说“一些”
可数和不可数
能不能直接数
可数名词有单复数:one cat, two cats
不可数名词没有复数,前面不能直接加 a / an 或数字,谓语用单数:
water, milk, coffee, tea, sugar, bread, rice
music, news, advice, information, furniture, luggage
money, weather, traffic, homework
要数不可数名词,借助量词:
a cup of tea, a piece of advice, two bottles of water
一杯茶,一条建议,两瓶水
有的词两种用法都有:time 表示“时间”不可数,表示“次数”可数(three times)。
many 和 much
多
many + 可数名词复数:
How many books do you have?
你有多少本书?
much + 不可数名词:
How much water do you need?
你需要多少水?
much 主要用在否定句和疑问句;肯定句里说“很多”,一般用 a lot of / lots of,可数、不可数都能用:
She has a lot of money.
她有很多钱。
There are a lot of people.
人很多。
some 和 any
一些
some 用在肯定句:
I have some apples.
我有一些苹果。
any 用在否定句和疑问句:
I don't have any sugar.
我一点糖都没有。
Do you have any questions?
你们有什么问题吗?
例外:请别人吃东西、提出请求、期待对方说“好”的时候,疑问句里用 some:
Would you like some tea?
你要来点茶吗?
问数量
how many 和 how much
How many + 可数名词复数:
How many eggs do you need?
你需要多少个鸡蛋?
How much + 不可数名词:
How much milk do we have?
我们有多少牛奶?
问价钱也用 how much:
How much is it?
这个多少钱?
少量
a few 和 a little
a few + 可数名词复数:
I have a few friends here.
我在这儿有几个朋友。
a little + 不可数名词:
I have a little money.
我有一点钱。
常见错误
给不可数名词加 -s
many watermuch water / a lot of water
much booksmany books
some informationssome information
an advicesome advice / a piece of advice
furnituresfurniture
information、advice、furniture 都不可数,不加 -s,也不加 a / an。
I don't have some money.I don't have any money.
否定句用 any。
练习要点
1. 可数 / 不可数 · many 和 much
many 跟可数名词复数,much 跟不可数名词。
- many books很多书
- much water很多水
2. 可数 / 不可数 · some 和 any
some 用在肯定句;any 用在否定句和疑问句。请人吃东西、提出请求时,疑问句也用 some。
- I have some apples.我有一些苹果。
- Do you have any time?你有时间吗?
3. 可数 / 不可数 · 不可数名词
water、music、advice、information、furniture 等不可数名词没有复数,前面不能直接加 a / an。
- I need some advice.我需要一些建议。
- She has a lot of furniture.她有很多家具。
4. 可数 / 不可数 · how much 和 how many
how many 问可数名词复数的数量;how much 问不可数名词的数量,也用来问价钱。
- How much water?多少水?
- How many books?多少本书?
练到脱口而出
围绕这 4 个要点的小练习,每答一题立刻批改。免费开始。