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可数 / 不可数名词(many / much / some / any)

many 跟可数名词复数,much 跟不可数名词;some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句和疑问句。

例句

  • How many books?多少本书?
  • How much water?多少水?
  • I don't have any time.我一点时间都没有。

讲解

学完这一课,你能

  • 分清可数名词和不可数名词
  • 选对 many 还是 much
  • 选对 some 还是 any
  • 用 a few、a little 说“一些”

可数和不可数

能不能直接数

可数名词有单复数:one cat, two cats

不可数名词没有复数,前面不能直接加 a / an 或数字,谓语用单数:
water, milk, coffee, tea, sugar, bread, rice
music, news, advice, information, furniture, luggage
money, weather, traffic, homework
要数不可数名词,借助量词:
a cup of tea, a piece of advice, two bottles of water

一杯茶,一条建议,两瓶水

有的词两种用法都有:time 表示“时间”不可数,表示“次数”可数(three times)。

many 和 much

多

many + 可数名词复数:

How many books do you have?

你有多少本书?

much + 不可数名词:
How much water do you need?

你需要多少水?

much 主要用在否定句和疑问句;肯定句里说“很多”,一般用 a lot of / lots of,可数、不可数都能用:
She has a lot of money.

她有很多钱。

There are a lot of people.

人很多。

some 和 any

一些

some 用在肯定句:

I have some apples.

我有一些苹果。

any 用在否定句和疑问句:
I don't have any sugar.

我一点糖都没有。

Do you have any questions?

你们有什么问题吗?

例外:请别人吃东西、提出请求、期待对方说“好”的时候,疑问句里用 some:
Would you like some tea?

你要来点茶吗?

问数量

how many 和 how much

How many + 可数名词复数:

How many eggs do you need?

你需要多少个鸡蛋?

How much + 不可数名词:
How much milk do we have?

我们有多少牛奶?

问价钱也用 how much:
How much is it?

这个多少钱?

少量

a few 和 a little

a few + 可数名词复数:

I have a few friends here.

我在这儿有几个朋友。

a little + 不可数名词:
I have a little money.

我有一点钱。

常见错误

给不可数名词加 -s

many watermuch water / a lot of water
much booksmany books
some informationssome information
an advicesome advice / a piece of advice
furnituresfurniture

information、advice、furniture 都不可数,不加 -s,也不加 a / an。

I don't have some money.I don't have any money.

否定句用 any。

练习要点

  1. 1. 可数 / 不可数 · many 和 much

    many 跟可数名词复数,much 跟不可数名词。

    • many books很多书
    • much water很多水
  2. 2. 可数 / 不可数 · some 和 any

    some 用在肯定句;any 用在否定句和疑问句。请人吃东西、提出请求时,疑问句也用 some。

    • I have some apples.我有一些苹果。
    • Do you have any time?你有时间吗?
  3. 3. 可数 / 不可数 · 不可数名词

    water、music、advice、information、furniture 等不可数名词没有复数,前面不能直接加 a / an。

    • I need some advice.我需要一些建议。
    • She has a lot of furniture.她有很多家具。
  4. 4. 可数 / 不可数 · how much 和 how many

    how many 问可数名词复数的数量;how much 问不可数名词的数量,也用来问价钱。

    • How much water?多少水?
    • How many books?多少本书?

练到脱口而出

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